dwn 2003 #12 工作區

[jesse.sung]

最新版(已發行): 1.6
未發行 1.18 = 已發行 1.3

[jesse.sung]

revision 1.18(未發行)

<p>Welcome to this year's 12th issue of DWN, the weekly newsletter for the Debian community. This year's leader election will end in less than a week and interesting numbers have been released already. Hugh Saunders <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-curiosa-0302/msg00119.html">wondered</a> if people could imagine anything more frustrating than trying to read a Debian list from a Hotmail account. Quickly, Alberto Gonzalez Iniesta <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-curiosa-0302/msg00121.html">answered</a> with a set of programs to manage exactly this under GNU/Linux.</p>
<p>歡迎閱讀今年第十二期的 DWN，每週 Debian 社群快訊。本年度的領導人選舉將在一週內結束，一些有趣的統計資料已經出爐了。Hugh Saunders <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-curiosa-0302/msg00119.html">提到</a>要用 Hotmail 的帳號收 Debian 的通信論譠是相當痛苦的事。在他發信後沒多久，Alberto Gonzalez Iniesta <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-curiosa-0302/msg00121.html">回信</a>告訴他在 GNU/Linux 下就有一些工具可以幫助他。</p>

<p><strong>Status of the DPL Election.</strong> Manoj Srivastava sent out the final <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0303/msg00016.html">call for votes</a> for the current Debian Project Leader (DPL) <a href="$(HOME)/vote/2003/vote_0001">election</a>. About 50&nbsp;% of the Debian developers have already voted, others can still cast their vote until March 29th. Manoj is also <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-vote-0303/msg00069.html">concerned</a> about the high number of rejected ballots and manually checked them out. 140 rejections were received and not one of them came from Mutt, even though it's the user agent that is most widely <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-vote-0303/msg00071.html">used</a>. Moshe Zadka, one of the candidates, sent a <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-vote-0303/msg00077.html">letter</a> stating that he doesn't trust the integrity of the secretary and asked for an independent Debian developer for control counting.</p>
<p><strong>【DPL 選舉最新消息】</strong> Manoj Srivastava 發出本次 Debian 計畫領導人<a href="$(HOME)/vote/2003/vote_0001">選舉</a>的最後一次<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0303/msg00016.html">投票通知</a>。大約 50&nbsp;% 的 Debian 開發人員已經投完票，其餘未投票者在03月29日前都還是可以投票。Manoj 也對大量因為格式不合而遭系統退回的選票相當<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-vote-0303/msg00069.html">關切</a>，並且以人工的方式檢查這些選票。雖然最多人<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-vote-0303/msg00071.html">使用</a> Mutt，但是在 140 張被退回的選票中，並沒有任何一封是用 Mutt 發的。此外，候選人之一的 Moshe Zadka 發了一封<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-vote-0303/msg00077.html">信</a>表明他不信任由計畫秘書做選票統計，並要求找一個獨立的 Debian 開發人員來負責這件事。</p>

<p><strong>Trusted Debian Project.</strong> The <a href="http://www.trusteddebian.org/">Trusted Debian project</a> aims to create a highly secure but usable GNU/Linux platform. To accomplish this, the project will use currently available security solutions for GNU/Linux (like kernel patches, compiler patches, security related programs and techniques) and knit these together to a highly secure GNU/Linux platform. Trusted Debian is an <a href="http://www.trusteddebian.org/installation.html">upgrade</a> to Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 which adds stack execution protection, address space layout randomization, FreeS/WAN, and some recent security packages.</p>
<p><strong>【Trusted Debian 計畫】</strong> <a href="http://www.trusteddebian.org/">Trusted Debian 計畫</a>的目標是要建立一個高度安全並且可用的 GNU/Linux 平台。本計畫將一些現有的 GNU/Linux 解決方案（如核心的修補、編譯器的修補、安全性相關的程式及技術等）整合成一個高度安全的 GNU/Linux 平台。Trusted Debian 的安裝方式是對 Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 做<a href="http://www.trusteddebian.org/installation.html">更新</a>，加上堆疊保護（stack execution protection）、位址空間編排隨機化（address space layout randomization）、FreeS/WAN，以及一些較新的安全套件。</p>

<p><strong>Problem with Mozilla Libraries.</strong> Josselin Mouette <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0303/msg01062.html">discussed</a> a <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/184401">problem</a> in the way Mozilla libraries are currently handled. The libraries don't contain a SONAME and are only used by Mozilla (and Galeon). Libraries in <code>/usr/lib</code> are required to provide a SONAME, hence, the libraries must not be placed in that directory. Adding a SONAME would add an incompatibility with other vendors' libraries. However, placing the libraries somewhere else would hide them from the linker.</p>
<p><strong>【Mozilla 函式庫的問題】</strong> Josselin Mouette <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0303/msg01062.html">談到</a> Mozilla 現在處理函式庫的方式有點<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/184401">問題</a>。這些函式庫沒有 SONAME，並且只有 Mozilla（和 Galeon）在使用它們。放在 <code>/usr/lib</code> 下的函式庫都必須要有 SONAME，因此，這些函式庫不應該被放在那裡。如果為它們加上 SONAME，會造成和其它廠商的函式庫不相容。但是若把它們移到別的地方，又會讓連結程式（linker）找不到這些函式庫。</p>

<p><strong>Results from Bug Squashing Party.</strong> A <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0303/msg00008.html">bug
squashing party</a> took place last weekend. Bas Zoetekouw <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0303/msg01063.html">thanked</a> all participants and listed the results. According to the <a href="http://people.debian.org/~bas/bsp.php">IRC log</a>, about 30 people participated in the party. They produced 58 packages that were uploaded to the <code>incoming/DELAYED</code> directory, closing a total of 89 bugs. Unfortunately, there are still 789 release-critical bugs left.</p>
<p><strong>【Bug Squashing Party 的成果】</strong> Bas Zoetekouw 發信<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0303/msg01063.html">感謝</a>上週末參與 <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0303/msg00008.html">bug squashing party</a> 的朋友們，並列出此次活動的成果。根據 <a href="http://people.debian.org/~bas/bsp.php">IRC 記錄</a>，參與者約有 30 人。他們製作了 58 個套件，並把它們放到 <code>incoming/DELAYED</code> 中。這些套件總共解決了 89 個 bug。不過，令人遺憾的是，影響發行（release-critical）的 bug 還有 789 個之多。</p>

<p><strong>Support for Filesystem Labels.</strong> Theodore Ts'o <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0303/msg01180.html">disclosed</a> his plans to release a new shared library, libblkid, which is used to interpret UUID= and LABEL= specifiers. Since it will maintain a cache file a <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0303/msg01183.html">discussion</a> started about the question of whether this file should be placed in <code>/etc</code> or in <code>/var</code>.</p>

<p><strong>Debian on the Rebel NetWinder.</strong> Dan "overridex" McCombs <a href="http://www.linuxorbit.com/modules.php?op=modload&amp;name=Sections&amp;file=index&amp;req=viewarticle&amp;artid=550">explained</a> how he installed Debian 3.0 (woody) on a Rebel NetWinder 3100. These computers consist of a small gray and dark blue box with a Transmeta Crusoe processor and 128MB of RAM. They run Red Hat Linux by default, but Dan preferred Debian for its stability and easy security updates. He described all the steps needed to get Debian installed and running.</p>
<p><strong>【Rebel NetWinder 上的 Debian】</strong> Dan "overridex" McCombs 向大家<a href="http://www.linuxorbit.com/modules.php?op=modload&amp;name=Sections&amp;file=index&amp;req=viewarticle&amp;artid=550">說明</a>他如何在 Rebel NetWinder 3100 上安裝 Debian 3.0（woody）。在小小的灰色和暗藍色外殼中，這一款電腦使用一個 Transmeta Crusoe 處理器並搭配 128MB 的記憶體。原本預裝的系統是 Red Hat Linux，但是 Dan 比較偏好 Debian，因為後者有不錯的穩定性和簡單的安全升級方式。他在文中詳細地說明了安裝 Debian 的步驟。</p>

<p><strong>Why Shared Source is not Open Source.</strong> Although it has been discussed at length elsewhere, Robin 'Roblimo' Miller <a href="http://newsforge.com/newsforge/03/03/12/1330253.shtml?tid=9">argued</a> that the biggest practical difference between Open Source and Shared Source has been generally overlooked. He explained that you can modify Open Source software to fit your device (and other software), while Shared Source only lets you modify your device (and other software) to fit the Shared Source software. He concluded that software licensing is going through a period of rapid evolution, but that Shared Source is not even related to Open Source in any substantial way.</p>

<p><strong>KDE in Sid finally Complete.</strong> <a href="http://www.debianplanet.org/">DebianPlanet</a> reported that the final components of KDE 3.1.1 have now been accepted into the unstable (sid) archive. The <code>kdepim</code> and <code>kdenetwork</code> packages were at first <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-kde-0303/msg00601.html">rejected</a> last week due to minor copyright file issues. This has been resolved and both packages are finally available in the unstable archive, coinciding with the <a href="http://www.kde.org/announcements/announce-3.1.1.php">official release</a> of KDE 3.1.1.</p>

<p><strong>Detecting the Default Browser.</strong> Xavier Roche <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0303/msg01193.html">wondered</a> about the best way to detect the default web browser on a Debian system. It was <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0303/msg01196.html">pointed out</a> that <code>sensible-browser</code> does just this, but John Goerzen <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0303/msg01212.html">thought</a> that such a system-wide default needlessly forces all users to use what root prefers. However, David B. Harris <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0303/msg01217.html">noted</a> that <code>sensible-browser</code> is explicitly for Debian Developers. It takes information from well-known sources and then makes a decision. The <code>$BROWSER</code> environment variable is available for setting each user's default web browser.</p>
<p><strong>【偵測預設的瀏覽器】</strong> Xavier Roche <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0303/msg01193.html">詢問</a>在 Debian 系統上偵測預設瀏覽器的最好方式是什麼。有人<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0303/msg01196.html">指出</a> <code>sensible-browser</code> 就是要用來做這件事的，不過 John Goerzen
<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0303/msg01212.html">認為</a>不該用這樣的系統預設值，因為這樣等於強迫所有的使用者使用 root 偏好的瀏覽器。David B. Harris <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0303/msg01217.html">解釋</a>說 <code>sensible-browser</code> 是用來讓 Debian 開發者判斷預設瀏覽器的。它利用一些慣用的來源來判斷該用哪個程式。用 <code>$BROWSER</code> 這個環境變數就可以設定個人預設的瀏覽器。</p>

<p><strong>A Newcomers Experience with Debian.</strong> <a href="http://www.digital-drip.com/">Digital Drip</a> has an article that describes a newcomers experience with <a href="http://www.digital-drip.com/articles/os/debian-1.shtml">installing</a>
and <a href="http://www.digital-drip.com/articles/os/debian-2.shtml">configuring</a> Debian. The writer began with the common attitude that Debian can be one of the "most brutal experiences of your computing life if you're not prepared". However, after going through the install and set up of a Debian system, the writer was impressed by Debian's speed, stability and excellent package management.</p>
<p><strong>【新手的 Debian 體驗】</strong> <a href="http://www.digital-drip.com/">Digital Drip</a> 上有一篇文章描述新手<a href="http://www.digital-drip.com/articles/os/debian-1.shtml">安裝</a>及<a href="http://www.digital-drip.com/articles/os/debian-2.shtml">設定</a> Debian 的經驗。一開始，作者對 Debian 的印象就和許多未嚐試過 Debian 的新手一樣，『如果沒有心理準備，這可能會是你的電腦生涯中最痛苦的經歷之一』。不過，在安裝和設定一次 Debian 系統後，他對 Debian 的速度、穩定度和一流的套件管理系統留下了深刻的印象。</p>

<p> <strong>Live Filesystem CDs.</strong> Debian Planet hosted a <a href="http://www.debianplanet.org/node.php?id=926">short discussion</a> about bootable CD-ROMs based on Debian. These CDs can be used to run GNU/Linux without the need to install it on the hard-drive first. Distributions mentioned included the venerable <a href="http://www.knoppix.org/">Knoppix</a>, <a href="http://metadistros.hispalinux.es/">Metadistros</a> (Spanish), <a href="http://www.gnoppix.org/">Gnoppix</a> (German), <a href="http://am.xs4all.nl/drupal/node.php?id=20">Morphix</a>, <a href="http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/">Damn Small Linux</a>, and <a href="http://www.trxlinux.org/">TrX Firewall</a>. Not to forget, there are several instances of bootable <a href="http://www.lnx-bbc.org/">business cards</a>.</p>

<p><strong>Woody Desktop Mini-CD.</strong> Marcus Moeller <a href="$(HOME)/News/weekly/2003/11/mail#1">announced</a> ISO images for miniwoody version 1.1. The distribution includes the current stable version of KDE 3.1.1 and has been modified for easier installation. The configuration of XFree86 is said to be easier than with the regular Debian installation process, since automatic hardware detection can easily be accessed during the base-config process.</p>
<p><strong>【Woody Desktop Mini-CD】</strong> Marcus Moeller <a href="$(HOME)/News/weekly/2003/11/mail#1">發表</a> miniwoody 1.1 版的 ISO 映像檔。這個版本中不但包含了 KDE 最新穩定版本 3.1.1，還經過修改讓安裝過程更為簡單。Marcus 表示，因為在 base-config 的過程中會自動偵測硬體裝置，XFree86 的設定會比原來 Debian 安裝程序中的簡單。</p>