DWN 2002 #47 工作區

[jesse.sung]

希望這次順利些.... 請翻譯的同仁在信件上標明根據 DWN 哪一版喔!
現在最新版: 1.15
diff 1.10-1.11: add security update section
diff 1.11-1.12: add new packages and orphan packages sections
diff 1.12-1.13: minor corrections
diff 1.13-1.14: minor corrections
diff 1.14-1.15

[jesse.sung]

revision 1.15

<page title="Debian Weekly News #47 -- unreleased">

<p>Welcome to this year's 47th issue of DWN, the weekly newsletter for the
Debian community. During the second <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-debian-devel-announce-0211/msg00008.html">Bug
Squashing Party</a> for sarge last weekend several <a
href="http://bugs.debian.org/release-critical/">release critical</a> bugs were
fixed. If you want to replace another piece of proprietary software in your
computer, have a look at <a href="http://www.linuxbios.org/">LinuxBIOS</a>.
Thomas Bushnell <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0211/msg02665.html">pointed out</a>
that Matt Pavlovich ruled in the case of <a href="http://www.dvdcase.org/">\
Pavlovich vs. DVD-CCA</a>.</p>

<page title="Debian 每週快訊 - 2002年12月3日">

<p>歡迎閱讀今年第四十七期的 DWN，每週 Debian 社群快訊。在上個星期舉行的 sarge 第二次 <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-debian-devel-announce-0211/msg00008.html">Bug Squashing Party</a> 中修正了許多<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/release-critical/">影響發行</a> sarge 的重大 bug。如果你想替換掉電腦中另一部份的專屬軟體（proprietary software），可以試試 <a href="http://www.linuxbios.org/">LinuxBIOS</a>。Thomas Bushnell 則<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0211/msg02665.html">轉述</a>了 <a href="http://www.dvdcase.org/">Pavlovich vs. DVD-CCA</a> 一案中，法院對 Matt Pavlovich 的裁決。</p>


<p><strong>Want to continue reading DWN?</strong> Please help us create this
newsletter. Several people are submitting items already, but we are
still in need of volunteer writers who prepare items.
Please see the <a href="$(HOME)/News/weekly/contributing">contributing
page</a> to find out how to help. We're looking forward to receiving your
mail at <a href="mailto:dwn@debian.org">dwn@debian.org</a>.</p>

<p><strong>【想繼續讀 DWN 嗎？】</strong> 請幫助我們製作這份新聞郵件。已經有好幾位朋友提供了新聞稿，但我們仍然欠缺準備新聞稿的自願者。請見 <a href="$(HOME)/News/weekly/contributing">contributing 網頁</a>瞭解如何幫助我們。我們的信箱 <a href="mailto:dwn@debian.org">dwn@debian.org</a> 期待著您的來信!</p>


<p><strong>Debian as a Social Group.</strong> Andreas Schuldei set the
structure of the Debian project in <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-project-0211/msg00213.html">relation</a>
with experiences he gathered from reading books about group development. He
emphasizes that Debian seems to have elected mostly technical people as their
leader and how work in Debian is splitted among a large number of people and
some groups for key tasks.</p>

<p><strong>【把社會團體的模式套用在 Debian 上】</strong> Andreas Schuldei 利用他在書上學到關於團體發展方面的知識，將 Debian 計畫的參與者依相互間的<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-project-0211/msg00213.html">關係</a>歸納出整個組織的架構。他說明了 Debian 社群選擇計畫領導者大部份是以技術為導向，以及工作如何分配給許許多多的人和團體。</p>


<p><strong>New Version of the GFDL released.</strong> The <a
href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation</a> has published a new
revision of the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html">GNU Free
Documentation License</a> (GDFL). Branden Robinson <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal-0211/msg00285.html">reviewed</a>
the changes and pointed out that the GDFL would not be DFSG compliant if
Invariant Sections or Cover Texts are claimed, just as before. Walter Landry

<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal-0211/msg00287.html">added</a>
that the History, Acknowledgement and Dedication Sections or "opaque" formats
could be problematic as well. In Walters opinion the clause that forbids
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or copying renders the
license non-free.</p>

<p><strong>【新版 GFDL 發行了】</strong> <a href="http://www.fsf.org/">自由軟體基金會</a>發表了新版的 <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html">GNU 自由文件許可證</a>（GNU Free Documentation License，GFDL）。Branden Robinson <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal-0211/msg00285.html">說明</a>了變動的地方而且指出，和以前的版本一樣，如果在『前言/附錄的特定章節』或『封面/封底』中有宣告，以 GFDL 授權的文件可以不遵循 DFSG。Walter Landry <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal-0211/msg00287.html">補充提到</a>『歷史』、『感謝』、『序』等部份及一些模擬兩可的格式都可能會造成同樣的問題。Walter 認為，由於條文禁止因為技術上的考量而限制閱讀或者複製文件，使得這份自由文件許可證根本不自由。</p>


<p><strong>Improving Access to Debian CD Images.</strong> Richard Atterer <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-cd-0211/msg00083.html">wrote</a> that too
few of the mirror sites carry the Debian 3.0 CD images and that many only
offer jigdo files or images for 2.2r6. He proposed that Debian offer rsync
(and maybe HTTP) access to the CD images again, starting with the first update
of 3.0. Joey Hess wrote a script that produces a <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-cd-0211/msg00092.html">list</a> of
mirrors and a table that displays which of them are down or broken, have jigdo
files, and current iso images. He wondered why cdimage.debian.org has not
been redirected to one of the mirrors that already have everything.</p>

<p><strong>【增加 Debian 光碟的下載點】</strong> Richard Atterer 在信中<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-cd-0211/msg00083.html">提到</a>有放 Debian 3.0 光碟映像檔的映射站太少，大部份的映射站只有提供 jigdo 檔或是 2.2r6 的映像檔。他提議在 Debian 發表第一版 3.0 更新版時開始，再次提供利用 rsync（或是 HTTP）下載光碟映像檔。Joey Hess 寫了一個可以產生映射站<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-cd-0211/msg00092.html">列表</a>並標示出哪些站停機、哪些站有 jigdo 檔或是最新的光碟映像檔的腳本（script）。他質疑為什麼不把 cdimage.debian.org 對映到任一個有完整檔案庫的映射站。</p>


<p><strong>KDE3 and Debian.</strong> The Debian project has been waiting for
the transition to GCC 3.2 to be complete before KDE3 packages enter the
official Debian archives. Michael Meskes <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0211/msg03061.html">wondered</a>
why this decision was made. He also <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0211/msg03089.html">considers</a>
the explanation "we have no KDE3 since we are still using GCC 2.95" bogus
since there doesn't seem to be a technical reason to bind one to another.
Colin Watson <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0211/msg03094.html">pointed out</a>
that all KDE library file sonames have to be changed when switching to GCC 3.2
and KDE developers wish to avoid that disruption. Eduard Bloch found this
unconvincing and <a

href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0211/msg03153.html">believes</a>
the existing KDE3 packages could go into the sid (unstable) archive now.</p>

<p><strong>【KDE3 和 Debian】</strong> Debian 將先等轉換到 GCC 3.2 的工作完成後，才會把 KDE3 加到官方的套件中。Michael Meskes <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0211/msg03061.html">質疑</a>為何會作出這樣的決定。他<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0211/msg03089.html">認為</a>『我們沒有 KDE3 是因為我們用的是 GCC 2.95』這樣的說法沒有什麼道理，因為實在看不出來有什麼技術上的理由將 KDE3 和 GCC 3.2 綁在一起。Colin Watson <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0211/msg03094.html">指出</a>如果現在就將 KDE3 納入的話，將來在轉換到 GCC 3.2 時，所有的 KDE 函式庫 so 名稱都得改變，KDE3 的開發者希望能避免這種混亂的發生。Eduard Bloch 認為這個理由沒有什麼說服力，而且<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0211/msg03153.html">應該</a>即刻就將現存的 KDE3 套件納入 sid（unstable）中。</p>


<p><strong>Fixing dependencies of lib*-java packages.</strong> Stephen Zander
<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0211/msg02898.html">advised</a>
that he will be filing bugs against Java packages that only depend on
java-common. These lib*-java packages should depend on either java1-runtime
or java2-runtime as the case may be. Stephen intends to file 'important'
severity bugs as these packages currently have incomplete dependency
information.</p>

<p><strong>【修正 lib*-java 套件的相依性】</strong> Stephen Zander <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0211/msg02898.html">提議</a>把『java 套件只設定對 java-common 有相依性』列為 bug。這些 lib*-java 套件應該至少還要對 java1-runtime 或 java2-runtime 有相依性。因為這代表這些套件的相依性資訊不完整，Stephen 打算把 bug 的嚴重等級列為『重要的』（important）。</p>


<p><strong>New Unofficial APT Repository List.</strong> DebianPlanet <a
href="http://www.debianplanet.org/node.php?id=873">advises</a> that <a
href="http://www.apt-get.org/">apt-get.org</a> is up and running. It carries
a list of unofficial APT repositories and allows users to submit new
repositories in addition to the old and unmaintained <a
href="http://www.internatif.org/bortzmeyer/debian/apt-sources/">list</a>. The
site indicates which repositories have been tested and proved working. The
list currently includes sources.list lines for fetching the latest KDE
packages for sid, Joey Hess' bleeding edge packages, Glark packages and
various others.</p>

<p><strong>【新的非官方 APT 檔案庫列表】</strong> DebianPlanet <a href="http://www.debianplanet.org/node.php?id=873">報導</a><a href="http://www.apt-get.org/">apt-get.og</a>開始運作了。這個網站有一份非官方 APT 檔案庫的列表，在舊的及停止維護的檔案庫<a href="http://www.internatif.org/bortzmeyer/debian/apt-sources/">列表</a>之外，使用者還可以自己新增資料上去。網站上還有標明哪些檔案庫是經過測試確認沒有問題的。網站上最新的列表列出了想安裝 sid 用的最新 KDE 套件、Joey Hess 的實驗性套件、Glark 套件以其它各式各樣套件要加到 source.list 的設定。</p>


<p><strong>Changes to DebianHelp.</strong> In the first part of several
planned <a
href="http://www.debianhelp.org/modules.php?op=modload&amp;name=News&amp;file=article&amp;sid=3037">changes</a>,
DebianHelp has implemented a series of forums. This replaces the old format
where all questions were posted to a single page. <a
href="http://www.debianhelp.org/">DebianHelp</a> also plans to develop and
include reviews of Debian-specific mini-HOWTOs, FAQs and little README-type
tidbits.</p>

<p><strong>【DebianHelp的轉變】</strong> DebianHelp 完成了<a href="http://www.debianhelp.org/modules.php?op=modload&amp;name=News&amp;file=article&amp;sid=3037">改革計畫</a>的第一步：建立一系列的討論區。這些討論區取代了原本所有的問題都發表在同一個網頁上的模式。<a href="http://www.debianhelp.org/">DebianHelp</a> 還計劃創作或導讀和 Debian 相關的 mini-HOWTO、FAQ、以及一些 READ.ME 類型的短篇文件。</p>


<p><strong>Non-EU archive for Debian?</strong> Nathanael Nerode <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal-0211/msg00306.html">suggested</a>
that it might be useful for Debian to create and maintain a non-EU archive.
One reason for this is the European 'Database Directive' which provides legal
protection on things such as wordlists. Brian Nelson <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal-0211/msg00308.html">wondered</a>
if this was a good idea. He pointed out that the non-US archive contained
packages that could not be exported from the US but were legal to use
everywhere, at least for private use. On the other hand, the contents of a non-EU archive would not be
legal to use in many parts of Europe.</p>

<p><strong>【需要建立 non-EU 檔案庫嗎？】</strong> Nathanael Nerode <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal-0211/msg00306.html">建議</a> Debian 建立並維護 non-EU 檔案庫。如此建議的原因之一是歐洲的『Database Directive』提供如單字列表等文件合法的保護。Brian Nelson <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal-0211/msg00308.html">質疑</a>這個做法是否合適。他指出，non-US 檔案庫中的套件不能從美國輸出，但是在其它地區使用這些軟體是合法的（至少在只供私人使用的情況下是如此）。但是，對 non-EU 檔案庫來說，狀況卻是恰恰相反：使用檔案庫中的套件在歐洲的許多地方都是非法的。</p>


<p><strong>New Build System for Debian.</strong> Colin Walters didn't want to
wait for the dpkg maintainers to review the dpkg-source v2 code and decided to
<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0211/msg02630.html">address</a>
the excessive complexity and redundancy in debian/rules. He was strongly
influenced by Christoph Lameter's <a href="http://www.u-os.org/upm.html">\
u-os</a> package manager source format and the basic idea is to make simple
things simple, and hard things possible. The code for the <a
href="http://cvs.verbum.org/debian/rules">new format</a> is online
already.</p>

<p><strong>【新的Debian建構系統】</strong> Colin Walters 並不打算等 dpkg 維護者審查 dpkg-source v2 的程式，並且<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0211/msg02630.html">指出</a>了 debian/rules 過度地複雜及重覆。他深受 Christoph Lameter 的 <a href="http://www.u-os.org/upm.html">u-os</a> 套件管理器源始碼格式中，『讓簡單的事情維持簡單，讓難的事情變得能夠達成』的基本精神影響。這個<a href="http://cvs.verbum.org/debian/rules">新的格式</a>現在已經上線供大家使用了。</p>


<p><strong>PostgreSQL 7.3 for Debian.</strong> Oliver Elphick <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0211/msg02803.html">announced</a>
new packages for the <a href="http://www.ca.postgresql.org/news.html">\
PostgreSQL 7.3</a> database engine that were uploaded into experemental.
Numerous changes include support for the SQL 92 Schema specification and
Enhanced dependency tracking for complex databases as well as several
performance enhancements.</p>

<p><strong>【Debian的PostgreSQL 7.3套件】</strong> Oliver Elphick <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0211/msg02803.html">宣佈</a>她已經上傳了新的 <a href="http://www.ca.postgresql.org/news.html">PostgreSQL 7.3</a> 資料庫引擎實驗性套件。更新的部份包括了支援 SQL 92 Schema specification 以及 Enhanced dependency tracking for complex databases，還有一些效能的加強。</p>


<p><strong>Alioth for Debian.</strong> Roland Mas <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0211/msg02857.html">asked</a>
developers to pick a name for a sourceforge site for Debian. It will consist
of a slightly patched version of the 2.6 branch of the Debian
<code>sourceforge</code> package, with a few scripts to help integration with
existing infrastructure. The final name seems to be <em>alioth</em> which is
the capital system of the Alliance of Independent Systems in the <a
href="http://www.alioth.net/">First Encounters</a> video games.</p>

<p><strong>【Debian專用的Alioth】</strong> Roland Mas <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-0211/msg02857.html">要</a>開發者們為 Debian 的 sourceforge 網站選一個名字。這個網站由 Debian 中的 <code>sourceforge</code> 2.6 套件稍加的修改，再加上一些幫助它和現有架構整合的腳本（script）而成。現在看來，它似乎會以 <a href="http://www.alioth.net/">First Encounters</a> 遊戲中 Alliance of Independent Systems 首都的名稱 <em>alioth</em> 為名。</p>


<p><strong>SCSI versus IDE Drivers.</strong> Scott St. John <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-isp-0211/msg00258.html">asked</a> whether
SCSI drives are still superiour to IDE drives as fast as they are today.
Emilio Brambilla <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-isp-0211/msg00264.html">pointed out</a>
that IDE drives lack good command queuing and Donovan Baarda <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-isp-0211/msg00273.html">notes</a> that
IDE operations ate more CPU cycles than SCSI operations. However, some new
IDE drives <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-isp-0211/msg00274.html">\
support</a> command queuing as well.</p>

<p><strong>【SCSI vs IDE】</strong> Scott St. John <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-isp-0211/msg00258.html">詢問</a>以今天 IDE 的速度，SCSI 是否還佔有優勢？Emilio Brambilla <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-isp-0211/msg00264.html">指出</a> IDE 缺少命令佇列（command queuing），Donovan Baarda 則<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-isp-0211/msg00273.html">說</a> IDE 消耗的 CPU 周期（CPU cycles）要比 SCSI 多。不過，一些新的 IDE 硬碟<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-isp-0211/msg00274.html">也支援命令佇列</a>。</p>


<p><strong>Translating POD files.</strong> Martin Quinson <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-i18n-0211/msg00009.html">announced</a> a
new tool <a href="http://www.ens-lyon.fr/~mquinson/deb.html#po-pod">\
po-pod</a>, a new member of the po-for-everything (po4a) family. The goal of
po-pod is permit translators to work only with well known po files when
translating pod documentation. The goal of po4a is to ease translations (and
more interestingly, the maintainance of translations) by using gettext tools on
areas where they were not yet expected.</p>

<p><strong>【翻譯POD檔】</strong> Martin Quinson <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-i18n-0211/msg00009.html">發表</a>了 po-for-everything （po4a）工具系列的新成員：<a href="http://www.ens-lyon.fr/~mquinson/deb.html#po-pod">po-pod</a>。po4a 的目的是要讓翻譯者在翻譯 pod 文件時能使用已經非常熟悉的 po 檔。po4a 在大家意想不到的地方運用 gettext 工具，希望能減輕翻譯工作（以及更令人注意的，翻譯成果的維護）的負擔。</p>

[octapult]

revision 1.15

<p><strong>Coordinated Translation of Debconf Templates.</strong> Michael Bramer <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0211/msg00015.html">\
announced</a> that the <a href="http://ddtp.debian.org/">Debian Description
Translation Project</a> (DDTP) supports coordination and translation of debconf templates as well. <a
href="http://ddtp.debian.org/debconf/maintainer/new.all.txt">Here</a> is a list of all packages for which DDTP contains translated debconf templates that are not yet in the original package. Another <a
href="http://ddtp.debian.org/debconf/template_unstable/base-config/">page</a>
contains links to debconf templats of a particular package for all languages.</p>

<p><strong>【Debconf 樣板的協同翻譯】</strong>Michael Bramer <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0211/msg00015.html">\
宣佈</a><a href="http://ddtp.debian.org/">Debian Description Translation Project</a> (DDTP) 將會支援 debconf 樣板的協調和翻譯。<a href="http://ddtp.debian.org/debconf/maintainer/new.all.txt">這裡</a>是 DDTP 翻譯好、尚未放進原始軟體包的 debconf 樣板的清單。 接下來的這個<a href="http://ddtp.debian.org/debconf/template_unstable/base-config/">網頁</a>提供所有已經翻譯成各種語言的 base-config 軟體包的 debconf 樣板的連結</p>

<p><strong>Non-EU archive for Debian?</strong> Nathanael Nerode <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal-0211/msg00306.html">suggested</a>
that it might be useful for Debian to create and maintain a non-EU archive. One reason for this is the European 'Database Directive' which provides legal protection on things such as wordlists. Brian Nelson <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal-0211/msg00308.html">wondered</a>
if this was a good idea. He pointed out that the non-US archive contained packages that could not be exported from the US but were legal to use everywhere, at least for private use. On the other hand, the contents of a
non-EU archive would not be legal to use in many parts of Europe.</p>

<p><strong>【Debian 非歐洲地區的軟體庫 (non-EU archive)？】</strong> Nathanael Nerode
<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal-0211/msg00306.html">建議</a>建立和維護一個非歐洲地區的軟體庫可能有其好處。為詞庫 (wordlist) 這類事物提供法律保障、並且由歐盟向其會員國提出的資料庫保護指令 (European Database Directive)，成了其中一個好理由。Brian Nelson <a
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal-0211/msg00308.html">懷疑</a>這是否是個好主意。他指出非美國地區的軟體庫 (non-US archive) 包含了一些不能從
美國輸出的軟體包，但是其他地區的使用者可以合法的使用這些軟體包，至少在個人使用方面是如此。另一方面，非歐洲地區的檔案庫裡面的軟體在歐洲許多地區很有可能不能合法使用。</p>

[octapult]

啊，原來 jessse 兄也已經翻譯好這一段了。
小弟翻的這一段您當作參考就可以了

關於 European Database Directive，弟覺得可以翻成 "歐盟資料庫保護指令" (從 google 偷來的 )

[jesse.sung]

octapult兄, 我覺得翻 "指令" 怪怪的.... 不過又想不出比較好的翻法哩....
現在要來整理要送出去的 wml 檔了! (不過看來還沒到最後一版, 至少 1.15 的 title 還沒把日期換上去....)

[octapult]

我也覺得翻成指令怪怪的，不過 google 上面查到的資料大部份都翻成指令。我在想不知道是不是法律界跟資訊界對 "指令" 上的認知不太一樣