[不妙] 無意間買到不被支援的SD讀卡機

[tinyding]

tinyding前輩您好
讀卡機+SD卡結果如下：

#dd if=/dev/sda bs=512 count=1 | od -t x1 -v
dd: reading `/dev/sda': Input/output error
0000000
0+0 records in
0+0 records out
0 bytes (0 B) copied, 0.0296041 seconds, 0.0 kB/s

# dmesg | tail -n 10
printk: 1 messages suppressed.
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK,SUGGEST_RETRY
end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 0
Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 0
Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 1
Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 2
Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 3
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK,SUGGEST_RETRY
end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 0
Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 0


若是使用電腦上內建的SD讀卡機，則SD會被設為/dev/mmcblk0p1
訊息就不相同了：
# dd if=/dev/mmcblk0p1 bs=512 count=1 | od -t x1 -v
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
512 bytes (512 B) copied, 0.00373337 seconds, 137 kB/s
0000000 eb 58 90 4d 53 44 4f 53 35 2e 30 00 02 08 20 00
...
0000620 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0000640 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0d 0a 52 65
0000660 6d 6f 76 65 20 64 69 73 6b 73 20 6f 72 20 6f 74
0000700 68 65 72 20 6d 65 64 69 61 2e ff 0d 0a 44 69 73
0000720 6b 20 65 72 72 6f 72 ff 0d 0a 50 72 65 73 73 20
0000740 61 6e 79 20 6b 65 79 20 74 6f 20 72 65 73 74 61
0000760 72 74 0d 0a 00 00 00 00 00 ac cb d8 00 00 55 aa
0001000

# dmesg | tail -n 10
...
end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 0
Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 0
usb 4-4: USB disconnect, address 3
mmc0: new SD card at address b368
mmcblk0: mmc0:b368 SDC 993792KiB
mmcblk0: p1

感謝您的幫忙～

由上述的錯誤訊息來看,Debian 系統以及核心是根本不曉得如何正確地驅動這個 /dev/sda 設備,以致連 "dd" 讀取都有問題...
所以,接下來還要麻煩你在 Debian 以及 Ubuntu 系統底下,使用原先的讀卡機並且要置入 SD 卡的狀態下,執行底下的相關命令,以期對比找出問題的徵結點.
lsusb
lshw

我以我的 Motorola A1200 行動電話透過 USB 連接線接上我的 Debian 為例子來加以說明到底要從執行 "lshw" 命令後的眾多訊息擷取那些資料出來...
debian:/dev/shm# lsusb
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 22b8:608d Motorola PCS
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000

在 Bus 1, Device 2 的地方,接上了一台 Motorola A1200 行動電話的 TransFlash 卡.

debian:/dev/shm# lshw
...
*-usb:0
description: USB Controller
product: VT82xxxxx UHCI USB 1.1 Controller
vendor: VIA Technologies, Inc.
physical id: 10
bus info: pci@0000:00:10.0
version: 81
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm uhci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=64 module=uhci_hcd
*-usbhost
product: UHCI Host Controller
vendor: Linux 2.6.22-3-686 uhci_hcd
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@1
logical name: usb1
version: 2.06
capabilities: usb-1.10
configuration: maxpower=0mA slots=2 speed=12.0MB/s
*-usb
description: Generic USB device
product: Phone
vendor: Motorola Inc.
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@1:1
logical name: scsi5
version: 0.01
serial: 000000000000
capabilities: usb-2.00 emulated scsi-host
configuration: driver=usb-storage maxpower=500mA speed=12.0MB/s
*-disk
description: SCSI Disk
product: Phone
vendor: Motorola
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@5:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sda
serial: 000000000000
size: 1938MB
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: ansiversion=4
*-volume
description: FAT16 partition
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@5:0.0.0,1
logical name: /dev/sda1
capacity: 1937MB
capabilities: primary
*-usb:1
description: USB Controller
product: VT82xxxxx UHCI USB 1.1 Controller
vendor: VIA Technologies, Inc.
physical id: 10.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:10.1
...

[訪客]

tinyding前輩您好

在Debian下，未插讀卡機與SD之前，訊息如下：

#lshw
*-usb:3
description: USB Controller
product: 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d.7
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.7
version: 04
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0 module=ehci_hcd
*-usbhost
product: EHCI Host Controller
vendor: Linux 2.6.23-1-686 ehci_hcd
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@4
logical name: usb4
version: 2.06
capabilities: usb-2.00
configuration: maxpower=0mA slots=6 speed=480.0MB/s
*-usb UNCLAIMED
description: Generic USB device
product: ECS Elitegroup G220 integrated webcam
vendor: eMPIA Technology, Inc.
physical id: 5
bus info: usb@4:5
version: 1.00
capabilities: usb-2.00
configuration: maxpower=500mA speed=480.0MB/s


#lsusb
Bus 004 Device 002: ID eb1a:2750 eMPIA Technology, Inc. ECS Elitegroup G220 integrated webcam
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 04d9:1603 Holtek Semiconductor, Inc.
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 046d:c001 Logitech, Inc. N48/M-BB48 [FirstMouse Plus]
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 0000:0000



在Debian下，插讀卡機與SD之後，訊息如下：

#lshw
*-usb:3
description: USB Controller
product: 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d.7
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.7
version: 04
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0 module=ehci_hcd
*-usbhost
product: EHCI Host Controller
vendor: Linux 2.6.23-1-686 ehci_hcd
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@4
logical name: usb4
version: 2.06
capabilities: usb-2.00
configuration: maxpower=0mA slots=6 speed=480.0MB/s
*-usb:0
description: Generic USB device
product: USB 2.0 SD/MMC READER
vendor: SDMMC M121
physical id: 2
bus info: usb@4:2
logical name: scsi0
version: 2.01
serial: ??????????
capabilities: usb-2.00 emulated scsi-host
configuration: driver=usb-storage maxpower=100mA speed=480.0MB/s
*-disk
description: SCSI Disk
product: SD/MMC Reader
vendor: USB 2.0
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sda
size: 970MB
capabilities: removable
*-disc
physical id: 0
logical name: /dev/sda
size: 970MB
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
*-volume
description: W95 FAT32 partition
physical id: 1
logical name: /dev/sda1
capacity: 969MB
capabilities: primary bootable

#lsusb
Bus 004 Device 005: ID 14cd:6700
Bus 004 Device 002: ID eb1a:2750 eMPIA Technology, Inc. ECS Elitegroup G220 integrated webcam
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 04d9:1603 Holtek Semiconductor, Inc.
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 046d:c001 Logitech, Inc. N48/M-BB48 [FirstMouse Plus]
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 0000:0000

[tinyding]

tinyding前輩您好

在Debian下，未插讀卡機與SD之前，訊息如下：

#lshw
...

#lsusb
Bus 004 Device 002: ID eb1a:2750 eMPIA Technology, Inc. ECS Elitegroup G220 integrated webcam
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 04d9:1603 Holtek Semiconductor, Inc.
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 046d:c001 Logitech, Inc. N48/M-BB48 [FirstMouse Plus]
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 0000:0000


在Debian下，插讀卡機與SD之後，訊息如下：

#lshw
...
*-usb:0
description: Generic USB device
product: USB 2.0 SD/MMC READER
vendor: SDMMC M121
physical id: 2
bus info: usb@4:2
logical name: scsi0
version: 2.01
serial: ??????????
capabilities: usb-2.00 emulated scsi-host
configuration: driver=usb-storage maxpower=100mA speed=480.0MB/s
*-disk
description: SCSI Disk
product: SD/MMC Reader
vendor: USB 2.0
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sda
size: 970MB
capabilities: removable
*-disc
physical id: 0
logical name: /dev/sda
size: 970MB
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
*-volume
description: W95 FAT32 partition
physical id: 1
logical name: /dev/sda1
capacity: 969MB
capabilities: primary bootable

#lsusb
Bus 004 Device 005: ID 14cd:6700
Bus 004 Device 002: ID eb1a:2750 eMPIA Technology, Inc. ECS Elitegroup G220 integrated webcam
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 04d9:1603 Holtek Semiconductor, Inc.
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 046d:c001 Logitech, Inc. N48/M-BB48 [FirstMouse Plus]
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 0000:0000

由上述訊息來看,至少有三點怪怪的...
1. 序號以問號顯示. -> serial: ??????????
2. FAT32 Partition. -> description: W95 FAT32 partition
3. 有 ID 位址"14cd:6700",但卻沒有設備名稱. -> Bus 004 Device 005: ID 14cd:6700

再麻煩你在 Ubuntu 系統底下,以相同的讀卡機並插入 SD 卡後,再執行一次 "lsusb" 和 "lshw" . 謝謝!

[訪客]

tinyding前輩您好:
進ubuntu插好讀卡機+SD卡之後，lshw訊息如下
在usb的部份似乎沒看到什麼
不過，倒是在scsi的部份看到了我的SD卡讀卡機和辨識的分割區（/dev/sdb1）

*-usb:0
description: USB Controller
product: 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB UHCI #1
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0
version: 04
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: uhci bus_master
configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 module=uhci_hcd
*-usb:1
description: USB Controller
product: 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB UHCI #2
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.1
version: 04
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: uhci bus_master
configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 module=uhci_hcd
*-usb:2
description: USB Controller
product: 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB UHCI #3
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.2
version: 04
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: uhci bus_master
configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 module=uhci_hcd
*-usb:3
description: USB Controller
product: 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d.7
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.7
version: 04
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0 module=ehci_hcd

*-scsi
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@4:1
logical name: scsi2
capabilities: emulated scsi-host
configuration: driver=usb-storage
*-disk
description: SCSI Disk
product: SD/MMC Reader
vendor: USB 2.0
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sdb
size: 970MB
capabilities: removable
*-disc
physical id: 0
logical name: /dev/sdb
size: 970MB
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
*-volume
description: W95 FAT32 partition
physical id: 1
logical name: /dev/sdb1
capacity: 969MB
capabilities: primary bootable

進ubuntu插好讀卡機+SD卡之後，lsusb訊息如下：
Bus 004 Device 005: ID 14cd:6700
Bus 004 Device 004: ID eb1a:2750 eMPIA Technology, Inc.
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 04d9:1603 Holtek Semiconductor, Inc.
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 046d:c001 Logitech, Inc. N48/M-BB48 [FirstMouse Plus]
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000

謝謝您～

[tinyding]

tinyding前輩您好:
進ubuntu插好讀卡機+SD卡之後，lshw訊息如下
在usb的部份似乎沒看到什麼
不過，倒是在scsi的部份看到了我的SD卡讀卡機和辨識的分割區

代碼: 選擇全部

（/dev/sdb1）

        *-usb:0
             description: USB Controller
             product: 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB UHCI #1
...
        *-usb:1
             description: USB Controller
             product: 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB UHCI #2
...
        *-usb:2
             description: USB Controller
             product: 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB UHCI #3
...
        *-usb:3
             description: USB Controller
             product: 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller
...
     *-scsi
          physical id: 1
          bus info: usb@4:1
          logical name: scsi2
          capabilities: emulated scsi-host
          configuration: driver=usb-storage
        *-disk
             description: SCSI Disk
             product: SD/MMC Reader
             vendor: USB 2.0
             physical id: 0.0.0
             bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0
             logical name: /dev/sdb
             size: 970MB
             capabilities: removable
           *-disc
                physical id: 0
                logical name: /dev/sdb
                size: 970MB
                capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
              *-volume
                   description: W95 FAT32 partition
                   physical id: 1
                   logical name: /dev/sdb1
                   capacity: 969MB
                   capabilities: primary bootable

進ubuntu插好讀卡機+SD卡之後，lsusb訊息如下：
Bus 004 Device 005: ID 14cd:6700 
Bus 004 Device 004: ID eb1a:2750 eMPIA Technology, Inc.
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 04d9:1603 Holtek Semiconductor, Inc.
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 046d:c001 Logitech, Inc. N48/M-BB48 [FirstMouse Plus]
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 



謝謝您～

雖然由上述的訊息來看,還是有一些地方覺得奇怪,例如:

代碼: 選擇全部

     *-scsi
          physical id: 1
          bus info: usb@4:1
          logical name: scsi2
          capabilities: emulated scsi-host
          configuration: driver=usb-storage


它沒有 "description" 這行字樣,也沒有 "product" ... 而且在 "*-scsi" 這字樣前面只有 5 個空白! 在 "lshw" 的樹狀排列的顯示格式中,這個 "*-scsi" 的上層設備,我想大概只有 "*-core" 了吧?

由於有 "configuration: driver=usb-storage" 這行宣告,使得我們大概可以推測驅動程式是 "usb-storage" 模組,因此,也讓我更加地不解,為何 Ubuntu 系統底下的 "usb-storage" 就可以順利驅動這台讀卡機所接的這個 SD 卡,而 Debian 系統底下的 "usb-storage" 模組就不行...
因此,我的建議是這樣,在還沒找到問題的關鍵點前,在 Debian 系統下,先使用 Ubuntu 的核心模組群以及 Ubuntu 所編的核心,至於使用 Ubuntu 的核心會發生 Kernel Panic 或者"一片漆黑"? 則可試著加以排除,例如: 是否可以順利進入單人模式? ...

[訪客]

感謝tinyding前輩的回覆

小弟用ubuntu的核心並不會出現kernel panic
只不過載入核心之後，畫面就是全黑、什麼都沒有（什麼字都沒有...）
我在lilo加上single作為單人模式的參數進入，載入核心之後仍然是全黑
不過那個全黑狀態並不是死當
Capslock仍有反應，按下Ctrl+Alt+Delete仍可以重新開機

另外，小弟想再請教您的是
是哪個機制決定核心要把這隻讀卡機辨識為scsi或usb裝置的？
我異想天開地猜，或許讓Debian把它視為scsi裝置的話，說不定會有相同的效果？
再次感謝您～

[tinyding]

感謝tinyding前輩的回覆

小弟用ubuntu的核心並不會出現kernel panic
只不過載入核心之後，畫面就是全黑、什麼都沒有（什麼字都沒有...）
我在lilo加上single作為單人模式的參數進入，載入核心之後仍然是全黑
不過那個全黑狀態並不是死當
Capslock仍有反應，按下Ctrl+Alt+Delete仍可以重新開機

我提供我的 GRUB 的部份 menu.lst 給你參考...
底下是我目前使用的核心.

代碼: 選擇全部

title   Debian 4.0 kernel 2.6.22
root    (hd1,6)
kernel  /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.22-3-686 ro root=/dev/hdb7 devfs=nomount ramdisk_size=40000 resume=/dev/hdb14 acpi_sleep=s3_bios,s3_mode agp=off
initrd  /boot/initrd.img-2.6.22-3-686


底下是我測試用的 Ubuntu 核心,當中的 "resume" 和 "acpi" 參數是為了測試 Suspend to RAM or Disk 用的. 幾乎與我現用的核心所使用的開機參數是一致的.

代碼: 選擇全部

title   test Ubuntu 7.10 kernel boot
root    (hd1,6)
kernel  /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.22-14-generic.ubuntu-7.10 ro root=/dev/hdb7 devfs=nomount ramdisk_size=40000 resume=/dev/hdb14 acpi_sleep=s3_bios,s3_mode
initrd  /boot/initrd.img-2.6.22-14-generic.bak.ubuntu-7.10


在 Ubuntu 7.10 Live CD 的開機選項中有一個"安全圖形模式",它使用了 "xforcevesa" 這個參數,不知是否能改善"漆黑"的狀態?

另外，小弟想再請教您的是
是哪個機制決定核心要把這隻讀卡機辨識為scsi或usb裝置的？

我也很想知道到底是什麼機制,使得通過 USB 介面連接的裝置可以變成 Printer/大容量磁碟...
話說我的 Motorola A1200 手機中有一個 USB Mode 狀態,我可以操作手機面板來設定這個 USB Mode 為 "Modem" 或者 "Mass Storage",當設定為 "Modem" 時,如果再在手機中多跑一道 "echo MotNet > /proc/usbd-switch" 命令,此後如果手機中也有跑 "inetd" 程式的話,那麼當我以 USB 連接線接通手機與 PC 的話,我就可以 telnet 進入 A1200 之中... 如果 USB Mode 設定為 "Mass Storage" 時,當以 USB 連接線接通兩邊機器後,我可以在 PC 上看到一個 usb 磁碟... 而 Motorola 原廠有出一支 Windows 版的程式叫做 Motorola Phone Tools(MPT),這支程式很厲害! 當它跑起來以後,我再以 USB 連接線接通手機與 PC,這時不管原先手機中的 USB Mode 到底是設定成什麼狀態,MPT 程式都可找的到 A1200,並且直接控制它,這時在 PC 上即看不到新增的 usb 磁碟,也不能 telnet 進 A1200 了...
我想,應該有一個溝通機制,在 USB 裝置剛接通 PC 時發生...

我異想天開地猜，或許讓Debian把它視為scsi裝置的話，說不定會有相同的效果？
再次感謝您～

我也想不透為何在 Ubuntu 系統下,"lshw" 呈現該 SD 卡是屬 "*-scsi" ...
不知 "hwinfo" 程式是否會有更多的線索? 執行它後,會出現相當多的訊息,或許從中你可以發現有用的線索.

[訪客]

用 ubuntu 的核心開機, grub / lilo 加上 vga=normal 試試看

[訪客]

感謝樓上訪客兄的建議
小弟加了開機參數之後，就可以看見ubuntu核心的錯誤訊息了
節錄內容如下：

Begin: Running /script/init-bottom...
mount: Mounting /root/dev on /dev/.static/dev failed: No such file or directory
Done.
mount: Mounting /sys in /root/sys failed: No such file or directory
mount: Mount /proc on /root/proc failed: No such file or directory
Target system doesn't have /sbin/init.
No init found. Try passing init = bootarg
BusyBox v1.1.3 (Debian 1:1.1.-5) Build-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of builtin commands.
/bin/sh: can't assess tty; job control turned off
(initramfs)

不知您是否知道小弟是否還錯漏什麼步驟，謝謝您～

[訪客]

tinyding前輩您好

告訴您一件詭異的事情
我以root身份下了hwinfo指令之後，就能順利將這支讀卡機掛載了！！！（lshw訊息如下）


*-usb:0
description: Generic USB device
product: USB 2.0 SD/MMC READER
vendor: SDMMC M121
physical id: 4
bus info: usb@4:4
logical name: scsi9
version: 2.01
serial: ??????????
capabilities: usb-2.00 emulated scsi-host
configuration: driver=usb-storage maxpower=100mA speed=480.0MB/s
*-disk
description: SCSI Disk
product: SD/MMC Reader
vendor: USB 2.0
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@9:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sda
size: 970MiB (1017MB)
capabilities: removable
*-medium
physical id: 0
logical name: /dev/sda
size: 970MiB (1017MB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
*-volume
description: Windows FAT volume
vendor: !$F**IHC
physical id: 1
logical name: /dev/sda1
logical name: /mnt/try
version: FAT32
serial: 24b2-728c
size: 969MiB
capacity: 969MiB
capabilities: primary bootable fat initialized
configuration: FATs=2 filesystem=fat mount.fstype=vfat mount.options=rw,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1 state=mounted

不過，一旦將讀卡機拔出重新插入，就得要重新再執行一次hwinfo才能再把讀卡機掛起來
否則仍會出現如下錯誤
mount: /dev/sda1: can't read superblock

我檢查過lsmod指令結果，執行hwinfo前後並沒有額外載入其他模組

小弟想再請教您，hwinfo指令執行之後，究竟對系統作了什麼呢？
感謝～

[tinyding]

感謝樓上訪客兄的建議
小弟加了開機參數之後，就可以看見ubuntu核心的錯誤訊息了
節錄內容如下：

Begin: Running /script/init-bottom...
mount: Mounting /root/dev on /dev/.static/dev failed: No such file or directory
Done.
mount: Mounting /sys in /root/sys failed: No such file or directory
mount: Mount /proc on /root/proc failed: No such file or directory
Target system doesn't have /sbin/init.
No init found. Try passing init = bootarg
BusyBox v1.1.3 (Debian 1:1.1.-5) Build-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of builtin commands.
/bin/sh: can't assess tty; job control turned off
(initramfs)

不知您是否知道小弟是否還錯漏什麼步驟，謝謝您～

不知在開機時傳了那些開機參數來執行這個 kernel 的?
另外,initrd.img 是自行製做還是使用原先 Ubuntu 系統那邊所拷貝過來的? 按照底下這些片段訊息來推斷,

代碼: 選擇全部

... Running /script/init-bottom...
...
Target system doesn't have /sbin/init.
No init found. Try passing init = bootarg
BusyBox v1.1.3 (Debian 1:1.1.-5) Build-in shell (ash)
...


應該是使用原先的 Ubuntu 系統的 initrd.img,所以,是不是使用了不適當的開機參數呢?

[訪客]

tinyding前輩您好

我把ubuntu的souces.list加入，然後用apt-get 指令安裝這個核心
initrd.img是裝好核心後就有的，我沒有額外再去動它
lilo.conf的內容如下：

image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.22-14-generic
label="u"
initrd=/boot/initrd.img-2.6.22-14-generic
read-only
vga=normal


謝謝您～

[tinyding]

tinyding前輩您好

告訴您一件詭異的事情
我以root身份下了hwinfo指令之後，就能順利將這支讀卡機掛載了！！！（lshw訊息如下）

代碼: 選擇全部

              *-usb:0
                   description: Generic USB device
                   product: USB 2.0  SD/MMC READER
                   vendor: SDMMC M121
                   physical id: 4
                   bus info: usb@4:4
                   logical name: scsi9
                   version: 2.01
                   serial: ??????????
                   capabilities: usb-2.00 emulated scsi-host
                   configuration: driver=usb-storage maxpower=100mA speed=480.0MB/s
                 *-disk
                      description: SCSI Disk
                      product: SD/MMC Reader
                      vendor: USB 2.0
                      physical id: 0.0.0
                      bus info: scsi@9:0.0.0
                      logical name: /dev/sda
                      size: 970MiB (1017MB)
                      capabilities: removable
                    *-medium
                         physical id: 0
                         logical name: /dev/sda
                         size: 970MiB (1017MB)
                         capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
                       *-volume
                            description: Windows FAT volume
                            vendor: !$F**IHC
                            physical id: 1
                            logical name: /dev/sda1
                            logical name: /mnt/try
                            version: FAT32
                            serial: 24b2-728c
                            size: 969MiB
                            capacity: 969MiB
                            capabilities: primary bootable fat initialized
                            configuration: FATs=2 filesystem=fat mount.fstype=vfat mount.options=rw,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1 state=mounted


由先前的 "*-disc",

代碼: 選擇全部

                    *-disc
                         physical id: 0
                         logical name: /dev/sda
                         size: 970MB
                         capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos


變成了 "*-medium".

代碼: 選擇全部

                    *-medium
                         physical id: 0
                         logical name: /dev/sda
                         size: 970MiB (1017MB)
                         capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos


"*-volume" 部份的描述,也由較少的描述,

代碼: 選擇全部

                       *-volume
                            description: W95 FAT32 partition
                            physical id: 1
                            logical name: /dev/sda1
                            capacity: 969MB
                            capabilities: primary bootable


而變成比較多了.

代碼: 選擇全部

                       *-volume
                            description: Windows FAT volume
                            vendor: !$F**IHC
                            physical id: 1
                            logical name: /dev/sda1
                            logical name: /mnt/try
                            version: FAT32
                            serial: 24b2-728c
                            size: 969MiB
                            capacity: 969MiB
                            capabilities: primary bootable fat initialized
                            configuration: FATs=2 filesystem=fat mount.fstype=vfat mount.options=rw,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1 state=mounted


不過，一旦將讀卡機拔出重新插入，就得要重新再執行一次hwinfo才能再把讀卡機掛起來
否則仍會出現如下錯誤
mount: /dev/sda1: can't read superblock

我檢查過lsmod指令結果，執行hwinfo前後並沒有額外載入其他模組

小弟想再請教您，hwinfo指令執行之後，究竟對系統作了什麼呢？
感謝～

我也沒想到執行這個 "hwinfo" 指令後會有這麼神奇的效果...
不知是否可從 "hwinfo --usb" 看出一些端倪?
另外,不知你的 Debian 系統上是否有安裝 "hal" 套件程式(即 Hardware Abstraction Layer),這個 "hal" 相關程式不知是不是 Ubuntu 系統上能自動且正確識別出你那台讀卡機的關鍵所在?
底下是我 Debian 系統上所跑的 "hal" 相關程式...

代碼: 選擇全部

debian:/dev/shm/INITRD# ps uaxw | grep hal
141       5938  0.0  0.1   5292  3444 ?        Ss   02:40   0:01 /usr/sbin/hald
root      5939  0.0  0.0   3160  1140 ?        S    02:40   0:00 hald-runner
root      5952  0.0  0.0   3248  1108 ?        S    02:40   0:00 hald-addon-input: Listening on /dev/input/event4 /dev/input/event3 /dev/input/event2 /dev/input/event0
141       5957  0.0  0.0   2220   904 ?        S    02:40   0:00 hald-addon-acpi: listening on acpid socket /var/run/acpid.socket
root     15425  0.0  0.0   3244  1012 ?        S    05:05   0:00 hald-addon-storage: polling /dev/scsi/host7/bus0/target0/lun0/disc (every 2 sec)
root     15434  0.0  0.0   3244  1012 ?        S    05:05   0:00 hald-addon-storage: polling /dev/scsi/host7/bus0/target0/lun2/disc (every 2 sec)
root     15454  0.0  0.0   3244  1016 ?        S    05:05   0:00 hald-addon-storage: polling /dev/scsi/host7/bus0/target0/lun3/disc (every 2 sec)
root     15457  0.0  0.0   3244  1016 ?        S    05:05   0:00 hald-addon-storage: polling /dev/scsi/host7/bus0/target0/lun1/disc (every 2 sec)


[訪客]

tinyding前輩您好

hwinfo --usb訊息如下：

03: SCSI 00.0: 10600 Disk
[Created at block.222]
UDI: /org/freedesktop/Hal/devices/storage_serial_USB_2_0_SD_MMC_Reader____________0_0
Unique ID: jxEh.RC7PH0adNE7
SysFS ID: /block/sda
SysFS BusID: 0:0:0:0
SysFS Device Link: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb4/4-4/4-4:1.0/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0
Hardware Class: disk
Model: "USB 2.0 SD/MMC Reader"
Vendor: usb 0x14cd "USB 2.0"
Device: usb 0x6700 "SD/MMC Reader"
Serial ID: "??????????"
Driver: "usb-storage", "sd"
Driver Modules: "usb_storage"
Device File: /dev/sda (/dev/sg0)
Device Files: /dev/sda, /dev/disk/by-id/usb-USB_2.0_SD.MMC_Reader___________-0:0, /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:4:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0
Device Number: block 8:0-8:15 (char 21:0)
Features: Hotpluggable
Geometry (Logical): CHS 970/64/32
Size: 1987584 sectors a 512 bytes
Speed: 480 Mbps
Module Alias: "usb:v14CDp6700d0201dc00dsc00dp00ic08isc06ip50"
Driver Info #0:
Driver Status: usb_storage is active
Driver Activation Cmd: "modprobe usb_storage"
Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown


我發現我沒有裝hal這個套件，不過在裝了之後，插上讀卡機仍然是：
mount: /dev/sda1: can't read superblock

一定要下過hwinfo這個指令才能順利掛載...Orz

# ps uaxw | grep hal 訊息如下：
104 5100 0.0 0.3 5268 3336 ? Ss 11:27 0:00 /usr/sbin/hald
root 5101 0.0 0.1 3156 1044 ? S 11:27 0:00 hald-runner
root 5116 0.0 0.1 3244 1112 ? S 11:27 0:00 hald-addon-input: Listening on /dev/input/event2 /dev/input/event1 /dev/input/event0 /dev/input/event3 /dev/input/event5 /dev/input/event6 /dev/input/event7 /dev/input/event9
104 5119 0.0 0.0 2220 904 ? S 11:27 0:00 hald-addon-acpi: listening on acpid socket /var/run/acpid.socket
root 5140 0.0 0.0 3244 1016 ? S 11:27 0:00 hald-addon-storage: polling /dev/hdb (every 2 sec)
root 8816 0.0 0.0 3244 1016 ? S 11:27 0:00 hald-addon-storage: polling /dev/sda (every 2 sec)
root 11570 0.0 0.0 1784 584 pts/0 S+ 11:34 0:00 grep hal

[tinyding]

tinyding前輩您好

hwinfo --usb訊息如下：

代碼: 選擇全部

03: SCSI 00.0: 10600 Disk
  [Created at block.222]
  UDI: /org/freedesktop/Hal/devices/storage_serial_USB_2_0_SD_MMC_Reader____________0_0
  Unique ID: jxEh.RC7PH0adNE7
  SysFS ID: /block/sda
  SysFS BusID: 0:0:0:0
  SysFS Device Link: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb4/4-4/4-4:1.0/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0
  Hardware Class: disk
  Model: "USB 2.0 SD/MMC Reader"
  Vendor: usb 0x14cd "USB 2.0"
  Device: usb 0x6700 "SD/MMC Reader"
...


我發現我沒有裝hal這個套件，不過在裝了之後，插上讀卡機仍然是：
mount: /dev/sda1: can't read superblock

一定要下過hwinfo這個指令才能順利掛載...Orz

# ps uaxw | grep hal 訊息如下：
104 5100 0.0 0.3 5268 3336 ? Ss 11:27 0:00 /usr/sbin/hald
...

看來我猜錯了.
不知 "hwinfo --disk" 如何?
如果執行後仍是不能正確識別該讀卡機,則還是使用 "hwinfo" 來做完整的偵測...
至於 Ubuntu 是如何自動識別出正確的格式,則仍是不明.